The customs sanctions of the EU-27 are not harmonized - the sanctioning of customs offences is still the task of the twenty-seven Member States and their national legislation. The US has attacked the purely national customs sanctions of the EU as break of the WTO rules in the WTO Dispute...

Deterioration of Turkey-EU political relations and stalemate in the accession process raise the ques-tion what (if any) impact does it have on economic cooperation. The paper analyses and evaluates data of three crucial pillars of the economic cooperation: The Customs Union, the European...

The Act of Union (1707) unified England and Scotland politically and economically, formally establishing the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and a customs union throughout the island of Britain. In this paper, we examine the impact of union on British market integration using wheat prices from...