supervisory data set, this paper investigates competition and efficiency in the Dutch life insurance market by estimating unused … economies decrease but substantial differences between small and large insurers remain. A direct measure of competition confirms … competition from banks, the so-called investment policy crisis or the credit crisis, apart from lower returns in 2008 …

We investigate whether the relationship between competition and risk varies across different types of Japanese banks … Cooperative banks) with a regional focus The relationship between competition and risk also varies across bank types based on … different initial levels of risk. Iincreasing competition appears to reduce the risk of (City) banks with higher initial levels …