grouped instead of individual Decision Making Units (DMU). The bias results due to the differences of the grouped DMUs … German farms. The bias in ranking is found to be substantial. Finally, a correction procedure is developed to improve the …

This paper questions the conventional wisdom that publication bias must result from the biased preferences of … equilibrium with such publication bias is socially optimal. The model predicts that published non-positive results are either … proposes a new stem-based bias correction method that is robust to this and other publication selection processes …

compensating the possible consolidation bias by calculating the so-called Potential Process Efficiency PPE. Finally,the paper …

data. The bias is procyclical and is reduced by more than 10% in recessions. We propose an algorithm that uses earnings and …