product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this …

other types of mechanisms in regulatory laws that provide patent-like protection or further strengthen existing patent … drug companies: data exclusivity and patent linkage. As noted in earlier chapters (separately posted on SSRN), not all … competition, a thorough understanding of these requirements (as well as how they intersect with patent protection) is important to …

The trade-off between property rights/price regulation and innovation depends on country characteristics and drug … industry specificities. Access to drugs and innovation can be reconciled by seven ways that, among others, include: public … require patent owners to choose either protection in the rich countries or protection in the poor countries (but not both …

This study investigates the impact of the introduction of the European chemical regulation (the EU REACH legislation …) on chemical search and innovation by focusing on the knowledge recombination processes leading to the generation of … readapts established patent indicators to capture the complexity, novelty, and novelty in recombination of the inventive …