the Russian language several years ago. It started in Central Asia and spread to Russia and a few other former Soviet …/CIPA accounting certification program that has been going on in Russia …The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a regional accounting certification program in …

accounting certification because Soviet accounting resembled bookkeeping more than the developed accounting systems used in … market. One facet of this transition is accounting certification. Under the old Soviet system there was not much need for … advanced market economies. After the transition began, accounting certifications began to emerge but their quality was …

To a great extent, the quality of financial reporting depends on the quality of the Accounting and Auditing standards …

&A) standards on which the reporting is based. Accounting standards are seen as a critical language of business. In countries …The quality of financial reporting depends to a great extent on the quality of the Accounting and Auditing (A … productive and job-creating activities, if national accounting standards differ significantly from the increasingly universal …