The EU tariff schedule includes many specific and composite tariffs as well as tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). Hence, different patterns of trade liberalisation might have different consequences for both producers and consumers through changes in the composition of trade. We illustrate the issues at...

The volume and commodity structure of EU trade with the transition countries in central and eastern Europe (CEECs) is estimated on the assumption that it will follow the pattern of trade among market economies. A gravity-type approach at the level of product groups is used, combining geography...