We know very little about how a firm would compare against its peers when evaluated from a multiple-stakeholder perspective where the same variables are interpreted differently. Since most medium-to-large organizations acknowledge the multi-dimensional nature of their operations, finding out the...

Studies of productivity often ignore measurement error and fail to distinguish between exogenous and endogenous factors in adjusting for the environment. This failure may misguide managerial decisions on benchmarking, ranking, and remuneration. For example, common relative efficiency techniques...