Europeanization is an example of initial bargains between states leading to ongoing political adjustment within the states. In this article I apply the concept to NAFTA and look at two of its member states, finding that despite the low level of institutionalization, NAFTA has set in motion new...

This paper utilizes a unique trade database that includes all provincial, state and cross-border trade in North America. The analysis shows that the border effect, although present, is not as strong as once thought and appears to be largely related to tariff and non-tariff based barriers to...