High and persistent unemployment has been a major problem in Germany for decades. This article presents the theoretical reasons as well as individual and macroeconomic consequences of long-term unemployment. The so called Hartz Reforms aimed at reducing unemployment by reducing inflows and...

"In recent years analyses based on flow quantities have become more significant both in research and in policy advice. This paper presents the multiple accounts model, designed by us, which depicts regional transition processes in all employment offices in matrix form, and can therefore also be...