Orthogonality has been considered as an important design priority in the design literature. This article provides a set of criteria to measure "how orthogonal" a design may be when it is not perfectly orthogonal. These criteria can be obviously applied to a wide variety of designs. Properties of...

The Kalman filter, which is in popular use in various branches of engineering, is essentially a least squares procedure. One well-recognized concern in this least squares procedure is its non-robustness to spuriously generated observations that give rise to outlying observations, rendering the...

The Latin hypercube design is a popular choice of experimental design when computer simulation is used to study a physical process. These designs guarantee uniform samples for the marginal distribution of each single input. A number of methods have been proposed for extending the uniform...

This note provides a theoretical justification for the optimal foldover plans for two-level designs, including the regular 2s-p, non-regular, saturated and supersaturated designs.

We explore the impact of dispersion effects on location effect estimation and derive approximate joint confidence regions for pairs of correlated location effect estimates. A procedure for estimating location effects in the presence of a single dispersion effect is recommended.

The Kalman filter is probably the most popular recursive estimation method. It is, however, known to be non-robust to spuriously generated observations. Much attention has been focused on finding the so-called robust recursive estimation under the assumption that the observations are...

Purpose: The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) measured 15-year-olds’ performance in mathematics, reading, and science. The purpose of this paper is to use the assessment results of PISA 2006, 2009, and 2012 to benchmark the compulsory education performance of 65 countries...