This article analyses the Bank of England's (BoE) involvement in UK policy towards the European Monetary System (EMS) between 1979 and 1990. It outlines how scepticism about rigid monetarist approaches influenced the institution's stance towards the EMS. Despite internal disagreements, the BoE...

We analyze the role of nonbank lenders in the transmission of monetary policy using data on the universe of unsecured credit to firms and households in Denmark. Nonbanks increase their credit supply after a monetary contraction, both relative to banks and in absolute terms. The nonbank credit...

The annual announcement of monetary targets which the Deutsche Bundesbank started in 1974 is considered a core element of German monetary policy after the end of the Bretton Woods regime of fixed exchange rates. The paper asks to what extent this reorientation was shaped by monetarist ideas and...

This article analyses the Bank of England's (BoE) involvement in UK policy towards the European Monetary System (EMS) between 1979 and 1990. It outlines how scepticism about rigid monetarist approaches influenced the institution's stance towards the EMS. Despite internal disagreements, the BoE...