-- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The ICT-Based Services Offshoring of Japanese Firms and East Asia -- 2.2.1 Japan´s ICT Industry … and Services Offshoring -- 2.2.2 Services Offshoring of Japan´s ICT Firms and Its Restructuring …2.2.3 The Different Types of ICT-Based Services -- 2.3 ICT-Based Services Offshoring of Japan´s User Firms -- 2 …

chapter compares the impact of international trade in intermediate inputs (offshoring) on wage inequality in two distinct but … similar frameworks. In the first framework the profitability of offshoring is based on increasing returns to scale on the task …-level, whereas the second framework relies on differences in relative factor endowments of the two countries involved in offshoring …

This paper analyses the effect of offshoring (i.e., the relocation of activities previously performed in-house to …, we find that offshoring is a rare event: In the sample of firms with 50 or more persons employed, only about 3% of … manufacturing firms and 1% of business service firms have performed offshoring in the period 2014-2016. Second, difference …

firm-specific input suppliers when the final goods producers undertake complete outsourcing or bi-sourcing. Under complete … outsourcing, the final goods producers locate closer as the distance between the input suppliers decreases, but the distance … the final goods producers, and creates effects which are opposite to those under complete outsourcing. Thus, our results …

partly because a substantial part of Korean outsourcing remained directed towards Japan, our results imply that labour demand … and investigates the impacts of international outsourcing on the Japanese and the Korean labour markets. The main findings … outsourcing and the international fragmentation of production. Third, reflecting the fact that outsourcing to Asia (particularly …