This study reveals two different rationales for consumer surplus-enhancing collusion. The first model considers two competitive firms in the final product market, each with one essential patent necessary for production. The equilibrium price under collusion is lower than the price under...

This is a set of 3 short papers on IP and standardisation. The first paper, assuming that in the field of ICT standardisation the future will look like the present, holds that developing corporate and government strategies on this assumption may prove a costly illusion for many actors. A...

Patent pools allow competing firms to combine their patents and license them as a package to outside firms. Regulators today favor pools that license their patents freely to outside firms, making it difficult to observe the unconstrained licensing strategies of patent pools. This paper takes...