Innovation in agriculture differs from innovation elsewhere in the economy in several important ways. In this chapter … innovations that reduce the susceptibility of agricultural production to these uncontrolled factors. These features of agriculture …. Informal innovation and technical discovery processes characterized agriculture from its beginnings some 10,000 years ago …

induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity …, with large changes in productivity being common. The negative effects of pollution are larger in areas growing more labor …-intensive crops, indicating that the pollution works at least partly through direct effects on labor productivity. Finally, combining …

by changes in wind, I show that higher levels of particulate matter lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with … changes in productivity of 10 percent being common. Combining wind direction with the rollout of coal plants, results indicate … pollution from coal plants has a larger effect on agricultural productivity than other types of pollution. Given that the …