the biotechnology industry in the European Union (EU). Universities act as platforms for local knowledge spillovers and … universityindustry cluster development in the biotechnology field. The R&D activities at universities contribute to successful business … innovations. However, the relationship between the universities and the local innovation capabilities is much more complex and …

We analyse the determinants of network formation in Germany’s biotechnology industry using social network analysis … broader regional innovation system, we find that the number of biotech patent applications, the share of regional hightech … biotechnology network. -- Biotechnology ; network formation ; degree centrality ; R&D policy …

of talented employees. This article examines biotechnology clusters in Cambridge (UK) and Munich (Germany) to investigate … scientific employees. Data were collected on biotechnology firms formed between 1995 and 2003. Personal interviews, snowball …