US shale oil production; (ii) the slowdown of global oil demand; (iii) reduced cohesiveness of the OPEC cartel; (iv …

restrictive than that of a Cournot-Nash oligopoly, is found to still be more accommodative than that of a perfect cartel. The … participation in the cartel. This is contrary to predictions of the standard cartel model that such producers should be allocated … relatively more stringent quotas. Furthermore, we find that cartel collusion is likely to be sustained for elastic than inelastic …

colluding as the dominant cartel producer and non-OPEC countries behaving as an oligopolistic fringe. The residual demand …

A challenge for many cartels is avoiding a destabilizing increase in non-cartel supply in response to having raised … price. In the case of the German cement cartel that operated over 1991-2002, the primary source of non-cartel supply was … imports from Eastern European cement manufacturers. Industry sources have claimed that the cartel sought to control imports by …