on wealth and lifetime earnings we evaluate measures of retirement preparedness. We estimate heterogeneous discount … have access only to a risk‐free asset compared to when we account for the fact that much of their wealth is stored in …

distributions. The study uses detailed information on employment histories, pensions, and wealth from Wave 1 (1992) of the Health …

This paper provides a new econometric specification and new evidence on the impact of 401(k) plans on household wealth … Program Participation, we find that the effects of 401(k)s on household wealth vary significantly by earnings level. Our … represent additions to net wealth than 401(k)s held by high-earning groups, who hold the bulk of 401(k) assets. Overall, between …