The public debt may hamper US GDP say studies that estimate debt tipping effects as if there were a single world currency. This means that such studies ignore the likely biggest cause of changes in growth rates, namely damage from exchange rate liquidity shocks because we do not live in the...

This paper's field evidence is: (1) in reality a major exchange rate change devastates an economy, i.e. the widespread academic faith that exchange rate changes are either beneficial or harmless is a false faith that contributes to needless world-wide economic havoc; (2) the 1982-85 exchange rate...

Expected utility theory does not directly deal with the utility of chance. It has been suggested in the literature (Samuelson 1952, Markowitz 1959) that this can be remedied by an approach which explicitly models the emotional consequences which give rise to the utility of chance. We refer to...

Expected utility theory does not directly deal with the utility of chance. It has been suggested in the literature (Samuelson 1952, Markowitz 1959) that this can be remedied by an approach which explicitly models the emotional consequences which give rise to the utility of chance. We refer to...

Pro-life advocates focus on a single entity, the foetus. Pro-choice advocates focus on another single entity, the pregnant mother. There should also be a third focus, on all people already born – on how a new entrant on average damages (or enhances) the whole community. Communal accounts are...