We examine the impact of ownership concentration, firm life cycle, and family ownership on leverage using a sample of listed Italian firms. The study findings reveal that family businesses in Italy have high ownership concentration and use less debt than non-family firms. The study results show...

Using a recently expanded data set on supplier-customer links, we introduce a dynamic relationship life-cycle hypothesis. We hypothesize that the relation between customer-base concentration and profitability is significantly negative in the early years of the relationship, but becomes positive...

This study examines the relationship between life cycle persistence and the cost of capital moderated by the level of market concentration. Life cycle persistence has an important role in market transactions, especially in the different life cycle stages: in a struggle to survive, external...