transfers to their own parents in order to instill appropriate preferences in their children. This generates a derived demand … downpayments. We argue that parents provide help with downpayments in order to encourage the production of grandchildren, and that … such a subsidization emanates from the "demonstration effect:" a child's propensity to furnish parents with attention and …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identfication of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …