Voluntary payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been an important means of addressing environmental externalities, especially those from agriculture. Questions have been raised as to the additionality of agricultural PES programs. Many farmers adopt conservation practices...

1. Shades of philanthropy -- 2. Environmental philanthropy -- 3. The south-north connections -- 4. Philanthropists, capitalists and environmental NGOs -- 5. Framing environmental threats : implications for funding -- 6. The global environment facility : financing conservation in the global south...