Previous literature provided evidence on financing constraints for investment in R&D activities due to capital market … for financing their research compared to development activities. Moreover, we find that (basic) research subsidy …

also be a strategy to cope with financing constraints for R&D. Studying panel data we show that collaboration with science … Development ; Liquidity Constraints ; Innovation Policy …

to considerable turmoil in financing and, as a result, to restrictions of firms' access to external financing. Utilizing … this fact, we identify and analyze financing constraints in two ways. First, firm financing constraints are determined via … effect is particularly pronounced for firms that are affected by financing constraints on the firm or bank side. Finally, our …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …