fertility rates among young women aged 15-34 years. We exploit the fact that countrywide tariff reductions varied across … industries creating exogenous local labor market shocks based on the initial employment composition of the district. We find … reduced fertility rate mostly in rural areas. …

employment share of low-educated female workers but had smaller and transitory effects on the employment of low-educated men. In … contrast to the predictions of Becker's model of household specialization, we find that the increase in import competition … evidence that import competition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption …

employment share of low-educated female workers but had smaller and transitory effects on the employment of low-educated men. In … contrast to the predictions of Becker's model of household specialization, we find that the increase in import competition … evidence that import com-petition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption …

A child-allowance system is to raise fertility beyond the individual optimum. The more heterogeneous the population …