This paper assesses the impact that tighter border security in a post-9/11 world has had on Canada's exports to the United States. Export flows are examined in a variety of ways, including aggregate exports, exports by port, and exports by commodity. After accounting for economic growth in the...

The work reported here is a contribution by the authors to the search for reliable metric method for spatial evaluation, related to human perception of 'openness' and to the development of evaluation tools for urban planning and design. A recent innovation, the 'spatial openness index' (SOI), a...