It is common knowledge that consuming (downstream) industries are harmed by import barriers placed on primary or intermediate (upstream) products. The authors empirically examine th e natural result of these forces: the flow of protection, winding its way downstream. After first discussing the...

Over the past decade, the world-wide use of antidumping has become very widespread – 41 WTO-member countries initiated antidumping cases over the 1995-2003 period. From another perspective, US exporters were subjected to 139 antidumping cases during this period, by enforcement agencies...

Theoretical models and intuition suggest that the amount of non- traditional protection against imports obtained through administrative procedures such as antidumping enforcement will increase as more traditional forms such as tariffs and quotas are lowered under multilateral trade agreements....

Over the past decade, the worldwide use of antidumping has become very widespread—41 WTO-member countries initiated antidumping cases over the 1995–2003 period. From another perspective, U.S. exporters were subjected to 139 antidumping cases during this period, by enforcement agencies...

The supply side of the labor market has too often been neglected in considering the effects of minimum wage legislation. Minimum wage effects on unemployment have been studied extensively, and the unemployment rate has been related in turn to the labor force participation rate. But the...

The job search theory, as developed since the early 1960s, is primarily a theory predicting the behaviour of unemployed job‐seekers responding to the costs of acquiring information about the wage possibilities available to them. However, implications can be derived for the influence on the...