China and some other Asian countries have experienced skewed sex ratios, triggering intense competition and pressure in … the marriage market. Meanwhile, China has more smokers than any other country, with half of men smoke while few women … for children's marriage. This paper investigates how a demographic factor - a large number of surplus men in the marriage …

children from one of China's poorest provinces, we find that both cognitive and noncognitive skills, measured when children are …