Whereas the agency theory predicts that dual-class shares decrease firm performance, the stewardship theory predicts that dual-class shares increase firm performance. The cumulative findings on the performance consequences of dual-class shares have been weak and/or inconclusive. Because...

Firms operating in innovative, technology-based environments account for an increasingly significant portion of all recent dual-class IPOs. Shedding new light on the determinants of dual-class structure among such firms, this article contributes to the long-standing debate over the desirability...

We hypothesize that a source of commonality in a stock's liquidity arises from correlated liquidity demand of the stock's investors. Focusing on correlated trading of mutual funds, we find that stocks with high mutual fund ownership have comovements in liquidity about twice as large as those for...