To capture the evolving relationship between multiple economic variables, time variation in either coefficients or volatility is often incorporated into vector autoregressions (VARs). However, allowing time variation in coefficients or volatility without restrictions on their dynamic behavior...

A new methodology of seismic hazard and loss estimation has been proposed by Chen et al. (Chen et al., 1998; Chan et al., 1998) for the study of global seismic risk. Due to its high adaptability for regions of different features and scales, the methodology was applied to Central America. Seismic...

The abodes in Costa Rica have almost the samevulnerability as the old civil houses in China, whichrepresent the vulnerability in worst cases. On theother hand, the high quality buildings in Middle Easthave the same vulnerability as the reinforced concretebuildings in China due to employing...

To reveal the cooperation relations and structure characters of China's educational economics (EE) by social network analysis (SNA), 4,632 authors have been statistically analysed in this article, of which 4,884 articles were published by 12 correlative academic journals of EE from 1980 to 2009,...

It is a distinct trend in the development of education economics (EE) that accurate quantitative analyses are replacing vague literal description. In this paper, we studied 1,600 papers which were published on Education and Economy from 1985 to 2008, and analysed the 5,773 keywords of those...

Previous research has shown that expected market returns vary over time and that this variationcan be predicted by variables such as dividend yields and book-to-market ratios (Fama andFrench (1989); Campbell and Thompson (2008)). Further, macroeconomic variables affect assetreturns (Flannery and...