We exploit an optional colocation upgrade at NASDAQ OMX Stockholm to assess how speed affects market liquidity. Liquidity improves for the overall market and even for noncolocated trading entities. We find that the upgrade is pursued mainly by participants who engage in market making. Those that...

We investigate the economic rationale behind limit order cancellations from the perspective of liquidity suppliers. We predict that an order is cancelled whenever its expected revenue no longer exceeds the expected cost and we model how order profitability variation can be determined from...

In illiquid and fragmented limit order book markets, asynchronously arriving buyers and sellers have a coordination problem. This problem is particularly strong mid-day, when trading is generally thin. We evaluate a market structure reform at Nasdaq Nordic, where the continuous trading session...

This is the internet appendix for "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders". The paper "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders" to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: "http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446" http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446

We study order aggressiveness of market-making high-frequency traders (HFTs), opportunistic HFTs, and non-HFTs. We find that market-making HFTs follow their own group's previous order submissions more than they follow other traders' orders. Opportunistic HFTs and non-HFTs tend to split market...

<section xml:id="fut21603-sec-0001"> We investigate the effects from the introduction of a closing call auction (CCA) at the index futures market. Limit order book models, where trader patience determines trading strategies, predict that a CCA increases trader patience and, hence, improves closing price accuracy and end‐of‐day...</section>

This paper estimates a conditional version of the liquidity adjusted CAPM by Acharya and Pedersen (2005) using NYSE and AMEX data from 1927 to 2010 to study the illiquidity premium and its variation over time. The components of the illiquidity premium is in this model derived as the level of...