We document the cyclical behavior of debt, equity, and retained earnings for different firm categories using firm-level Canadian data. There is evidence of both procyclical equity and debt issuance for all firm categories but the timing differs. In particular, there is strong evidence that...

Applying the framework of conditional event studies shows that equity issues reveal managers' private information about stock mispricing, which investors only partially discount into stock prices at the seasoned equity offering (SEO) announcement date. Negative abnormal returns occur as prices...