Urban school districts nationwide have increased within-district choice for families. In response, district …

universal random assignment of students to high schools in certain areas of South Korea to provide estimates of school effects … that may better reflect the effects of school practices. We find significant effects of schools on scores in high …-stakes college entrance exams: a 1 standard deviation increase in school quality leads to 0.06-0.08 standard deviations higher …

, even when switching is required because students reach the top grade offered at their school. Other researchers find that … from outside the New York City school district, across schools, across years for students staying in the district, and some …) elementary and middle school (hereafter primary schools) students and the last section concludes …