Premium settlement and calculation of reserves and capital requirements are typically based on worst or just bad case assumptions on interest rates, mortality rates, and other transition rates. If interest and transition rates are chosen independently from each other, the worst, i.e. the reserve...

Technological developments are changing how users pay for goods and services. In the context of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, new payment systems have been established to reduce contact between buyer and seller. In addition to the pandemic, the future is payment processing is...