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Latin America was hit hard by Covid-19, both in terms of lives and livelihoods. Early lockdowns in the second quarter of 2020 prevented an explosion of deaths at the time but did not stop the pandemic from later wreaking havoc in the region. This paper investigates the dynamics of pandemics in...
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This paper develops a unified model of growth, population, and technological progress that is consistent with long-term historical evidence. The economy endogenously evolves through three phases. In the Malthusian regime, population growth is positively related to the level of income per capita....
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Population policies are defined here as voluntary programs which help people control their fertility and expect to … improve their lives. There are few studies of the long-run effects of policy-induced changes in fertility on the welfare of … contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider …
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We question the received wisdom that birth limitation was absent among historical populations before the fertility …-run effect of living standards on birth spacing in the three centuries preceding England’s fertility transition. While the effect …
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orphaned children. On the other hand, widespread community infection lowers fertility, both directly, through a reduction in … attainment, the fertility effect dominates. The AIDS epidemic, on net, enhances the future per capita consumption possibilities …
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Since the 1990s, India has seen robust economic growth, rising wages, steady fertility decline, increased urbanization …
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