This paper analyses the problems faced by developing countries in extending telecommunications to remote and rural areas. It identifies some possible technical solutions using mobile satellite services, especially in specialized niche markets, but also ways in which telecommunications can be...

The institutional confinement of the 'insane' in the nineteenth century constitutes one of the most controversial events in the social history of medicine. Within this scholarship there has emerged an important debate over the spatial determinants of institutionalization. Some studies uphold an...

New and emerging technologies often raise both ethical and privacy issues. The analysis and assessment of such issues is the task of privacy impact assessments and ethical impact assessments. Although there are various privacy impact assessment methodologies and ethical impact assessment...

When users of the mobile satellite services (MSS), including the global mobile personal communications service (GMPCS), travel from country to country with their satellite phones, they can expect to encounter varying regulatory requirements in regard to licence fees, customs duties, type...

The Agreement on Basic Telecommunications reached within the World Trade Organization which came into force in February 1998, and the nominally full liberalisation of telecoms in the European Union at the beginning of this year may seem to the casual observer to have solved all the market access...

This Comment is concerned with mobile sateliite communications in developing countries. It begins with a review of the needs of developing countries before briefly describing the services available from Inmarsat, including new services for personal satellite communications. Some examples are...

Globalisation strikes at the cornerstone of telecom policy -- i.e., the sovereign right of every country to license the provision and use of telecoms within its borders. Sovereignty has historically been protected by means of a licence, the fees, conditions and procedures for which vary...

[fre] La Commission européenne a adopté en 1999 le Plan d’action pour les services financiers (PASF). Grâce au soutien des États membres, du Parlement européen, et plus généralement de l’ensemble des parties prenantes, le PASF a indéniablement permis de grandes avancées vers un...

Extending working life is an objective for many nations. However, the UK government has recently reported only modest improvement "compared to many nations". A comparison of European, Labour Force Surveys show that Germany has reversed early retirement much faster than the UK since 2003. This...