This paper provides unique evidence of a reversal of gender gaps in cognitive development in early childhood. We find … steep caste and gender gradients and few substantive changes once children enter school. The gender gap, however, reverses …

identify household and commune characteristics and emphasize how the effects of these characteristics vary by gender. The … gender differences we find suggest that unequal treatment of girls within their households has a negative impact on their … educational attainment and that in the absence of such unequal treatment the reverse gender gap would be even larger. We find …

This paper studies the impact of gender and ethnicity on educational outcomes using cross-country evidence from Bolivia … estimation method analogous to difference-in-differences, the paper finds that gender-based differences in literacy, primary … gender and ethnicity confers cumulative disadvantage for minority groups, especially in Latin America. The paper discusses …