Drawing on Transaction Costs Economics, this paper develops a new approach to conflict of law rules. It outlines a concept of constitutional uncertainty in international trade and presents a model of international transactions in the presence of a diversity of legal orders. We develop a general...

Die vorliegende Untersuchung befasst sich zunächst mit einem internationalen Vergleich der Regulierung auf Arzneimittelmärkten. Nach einer Auswertung und Analyse von Preisvergleichsstudien untersucht sie international vergleichend Erstattungsregulierungen und Preisregulierungen. Hierbei wird...

In this paper, we define a new class of richness measures. In contrast to the often used headcount, these new measures are sensitive to changes in rich person's income and therefore allow for a more sophisticated analysis of richness. We demonstrate the application of these new measures to...

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die betriebswirtschaftlichen Anforderungen an ein Risikomanagement darzustellen und mit den nationalen und internationalen (teilweise gesetzlichen) Anforderungen sowie Prüfungsstandards zu vergleichen. Dabei ist zu untersuchen, ob bereits mit der...

This Conference brings together the financial experience of rural and agricultural microfinance institutions and the experience of the Common Fund and other agencies with promoting commodities and small and micro-entrepreneurs producing, processing and marketing commodities. We expect that this...

Microfinance is not a recent development, and neither is the development of regulation and supervision of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Every now developed country has its own history of microfinance. It is important to recognize this because it presents a view different from that of many in...

In this paper the existence and magnitude of market power for the German beer exporters is tested. Two theoretical approaches to model incomplete competition on international markets are employed, the "pricing to market" (PTM) model the "residual demand elasticity" (RDE) approach. Estimations...

In this paper the existence and magnitude of market power for German beer, cocoa powder, chocolate, and sugar confectionary exporters are tested. Two theoretical approaches are employed, the 'pricing of market' (PTM) and the 'residual demand elasticity' (RDE) approach. Even though all markets...

Rapidly declining biodiversity has made international and national policies focus on the question of how best to protect genetic resources. Loss of biodiversity does not only concern wildlife, but equally affects agriculturally used species. These species, of foremost importance for the...

Two thirds of the Fund?s current projects have a rural finance component; about 21% of the Fund?s resources are dedicated to rural finance.2 Most of IFAD?s target group are small producers engaged in agric ultural and non-agricultural activities in areas of widely varying potential. Direct...