and abundance of hydrocarbon reserves. These hydrocarbon reserves are located mainly in three countries: Kazakhstan … Asian countries are: Russia, China, United States, European countries, Iran, India and Turkey. Among these players, Russia … of Beijing. The Western countries has gained influence particularly in Kazakhstan, but they have no political leverage in …

reduce effective yields. Kazakhstan and China maintain a stable oil and gas trade, but resource exports to China are not … growing as expected. The aim of this research is to analyze the competitiveness and complementarity of Kazakhstan and China in … the oil and gas trade, as well as the main factors affecting the oil and gas trade between Kazakhstan and China. By …