/CIPA accounting certification program that has been going on in Russia …The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a regional accounting certification program in … the Russian language several years ago. It started in Central Asia and spread to Russia and a few other former Soviet …

accounting certification because Soviet accounting resembled bookkeeping more than the developed accounting systems used in … market. One facet of this transition is accounting certification. Under the old Soviet system there was not much need for … advanced market economies. After the transition began, accounting certifications began to emerge but their quality was …