Using a sample of GDRs cross-listed in London, we revisit the debate regarding the validity of the market segmentation and the bonding hypotheses for a cross-listing phenomenon. Unlike prior studies that relied on emerging/developed market partitioning of countries, we use equity trading costs...

This study provides evidence that Mexican firms that choose to trade in the U.S. as exchange-listed American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) have significantly weaker ex post (subsequent to cross listing) financial performance compared with Mexican firms that are eligible to list in the U.S., but do...

In this paper, we examine several cross-listing theories employing a sample of over 250 European ADRs representing 19 countries during the 1970-2002 period. We find that, first, though both Level II and III listings underperform over the three years subsequent to the US listing, the determinants...

In this paper, I examine the valuation effects of trading in the U.S. as non-exchange issues i.e. Level 1 and 144 firms for non-U.S. firms. The study is motivated by two facts; first, while the number of new Level 2/3 issues has fallen 2001, Level 1 issues have remained an attractive listing...