The Kenya Medical Supplies Authority (KEMSA) is a state-owned health logistics service company with the core mandate to procure, warehouse and distribute healthcare commodities to public sector health facilities and other public sector customers. Since the inception of KEMSA in 2000 there have...

Universal health coverage (UHC) is an integral part of the United Nations' sustainable development goals. The private sector plays a prominent role in achieving UHC, being the primary source of essential medicines for many people. However, many private healthcare facilities in low- and...

The central purpose of this paper is to investigate the bounds of the principle of limited liability. Part I deals with law of piercing the veil. Part II analyses the common law grounds of lifting the veil that have been frequently proposed, to determine the underlying reasons for judicial...

Problem de finition: The inventory control problem associated with the distribution of essential medicines in Zambia involves seasonality and uncertainty in both demand and lead-times, heterogeneous delivery locations, and lost sales. Beyond the traditional performance metrics of system service...

Despite increased investments in health commodity procurement, the availability of essential medicines at health facilities remains very low in many low and middle income countries. The lack of a well-functioning supply chain for essential medicines is often the cause of this poor availability....

Despite increased investments in procurement of essential medicines, their availability at health facilities remains extremely low in many low- and middle-income countries. The lack of a well-functioning supply chain for essential medicines is often the cause of this poor availability. Using a...