Using a novel dataset, we develop a structural model of the Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) market between the Arabian Gulf and the Far East. We study how fluctuations in oil tanker rates, oil exports, shipowner profits, and bunker fuel prices are determined by shocks to the supply and demand...

This paper estimates time-varying and constant hedge ratios, and investigates their performance in reducing freight rate risk in routes 1 and 1A of the Baltic Freight Index. Time-varying hedge ratios are generated by a bivariate error correction model with a GARCH error structure. We also...

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between oil futures and spot markets and tanker freight rates across two major tanker routes. In particular, we examine the validity of the cost of carry relationship in the WTI futures market, which suggests that the difference between physical...

This article investigates the unbiasedness hypothesis of futures prices in the freight futures market. Being the only market whose underlying asset is a service, it sets it apart from other markets investigated so far in the literature. Cointegration techniques, employed to examine this...

This article is concerned with the hedging effectiveness of futures contracts whose underlying asset is an index, when the structure of this index is changing. The case of the freight futures (BIFFEX) contract is examined here. Investigation of this issue is particularly interesting as the...

In this paper we employ regime volatility models to describe time dependency in petroleum markets. Using a sample of NYMEX and ICE futures contracts, we establish the existence of a regime process and link this process to market fundamentals. This formulation results in two distinct states: a...

<section xml:id="fut21657-sec-0001"> This study investigates the dependence structure between correlated petroleum forward curves. After decomposing the term structure into level, slope, and curvature shocks we develop a flexible multi‐regime error‐correction factor model of the dynamics of the joint evolution of commodity...</section>

This paper investigates the relationship between the dynamics of the term structure and time-varying volatility of shipping freight rates. Using a dataset covering the period from January 1992 to September 2007 and augmented EGARCH models, we find support for the argument that the volatility of...

This paper investigates, for the first time, the relationship between prices and trading activity in a market where real assets are traded, i.e. in the sale and purchase market for second-hand dry bulk vessels. Investigation of this issue is of interest since the level of trading activity may...