This paper estimates time-varying and constant hedge ratios, and investigates their performance in reducing freight rate risk in routes 1 and 1A of the Baltic Freight Index. Time-varying hedge ratios are generated by a bivariate error correction model with a GARCH error structure. We also...

Time-varying hedge ratios have been found successful in reducing spot market risk in different commodity and financial futures markets. This article extends the empirical evidence by investigating the same question for a futures market based on services, the Baltic International Freight Futures...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of the spot prices of eight of the most important energy markets that trade futures contracts on NYMEX. We model the energy spot prices with a Mean Reversion (MR) and a Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion (MRJD) specification for the returns'...