Using grass-roots-level data, this article analyzes factors that contribute to the current backwardness of the Uzbek banking sector. The study attempts to show that despite considerable progress achieved in terms of modernizing payments systems, embracing international accounting standards, and...

Credit shortages are widely thought to explain the output contraction in former Soviet Union (FSU) countries during the 1990s. It is argued here that these shortages were the result of an ahistorical approach to policymaking which ignored the time needed for the establishment and further...

In labour surplus developing countries a strategy based on the application of the Keynesian multiplier to generate employment is constrained by the availability of resources. In some of Keynes's writings in general and those on the post-War employment and commodity policy in particular it seems...