From a firm’s perspective two competing forces are driving the decision to invest in innovation. On the one hand …, innovative performance is an important driver of profitability and growth. On the other hand, investments in innovation suffer … firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent …

as increase to yearly wages. If, prior to patent expiration, a `new innovation' that facilitates retention of production … patent and seeks to protect itself against competition which feasibly emerges at expiration of patent protection. Formal … `low cost' country at patent expiration Pareto dominate every other feasible strategy, as such, is first-best strategy. In …

Critics claim that patent screening is ineffective, granting low-quality patents that impose unnecessary social costs …. We develop an integrated framework, involving patent office examination, fees, and endogenous validity challenges in the … courts, to study patent screening both theoretically and quantitatively. In our model, some inventions require the patent …

fulfill the responsibilities they have been assigned in fostering innovation. But I argue here that in their moments of … the door to a new examination of patent purposes, and to understanding some otherwise inexplicable characteristics of … patent law …

The literature on patent buyouts has focused on single-economy settings, where buyouts are welfare improving relative … world with two heterogeneous countries featuring different sizes and innovation capacities. Moving to an international … system of global patent protection paired with domestic price subsidies, and only intersovereign transfers can achieve a …

For nearly two centuries, an inventor applying for a U.S. patent has been required to obtain the opinion of an expert … sophistication have increased the number of patent filings in every country; government patent offices here and abroad are thus being …, with fines imposed on any examining firm if its opinion is found to have led to the issuance of an invalid patent, and (2 …