supplemental information on IP litigation and patent portfolios. The rich survey information regarding firms’ general innovation …We contribute to the economic literature on patent litigation by taking a new perspective. In the past, scholars mostly … focused on specific litigation cases at the patent level and related technological characteristics to the event of litigation …

We examine the Nash equilibria of a game where two national governments set patent breadth strategically. Broader … North can innovate, harmonization of patent breadth lowers welfare relative to the Nash equilibrium. When both countries can … innovate, harmonization toward narrower patent breadth may raise world welfare. …