Case C-439/08, Vlaamse federatie van verenigingen van Brood- en Banketbakkers, IJsbereiders en Chocoladebewerkers (VEBIC), Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 December 2010, not yet reported. Case commentary: The VEBIC case affects the decentralised enforcement of the Articles 101 and 102...

This paper was delivered at the Fourth ACELG Annual Conference on “Ten Years of Decentralized EU Competition Law Enforcement: Success or Failure?” on 14 November 2014, University of Amsterdam. The paper examines the early debates over concurrency and what were the initial expectations, sets...

The protection of a "system of undistorted competition" within the internal market is one of the core elements of EU law that institutionalizes economic integration. The addressees of the prohibitions regarding restraints of competition such as Articles 101 and 102 TFEU are "undertakings". Hence...