The paper describes tests of hypotheses from economic history concerning the significance of financial development as a determinant of economic growth. It goes beyond the existing studies in drawing on a large panel data set covering 93 countries from 1970-90 and includes a new proxy for the...

This paper examines the relation between financial development, energy consumption and economic growth in the United States (U.S) for the period 1966-2011. We use a vector error correction model (VECM) to investigate the effect of financial development and energy consumption on economic growth...

The study is focused on the analysis of financial development and growth in Pakistan economy for the period of 1972-2011. Cointegration techniques and Granger causality test based on the block exogeneity (Wald test) has been applied for the analysis. The cointegration test confirmed the long run...

The paper employs cointegration, Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), error correction and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques to investigate the relationship between economic growth and financial development using annual time series data (1971-2010) from Ghana. Three...

A criminal past is a common, yet often overlooked, characteristic of many European jihadists. This Brief examines the link between petty crime and terrorism, as well as the ways in which criminal experiences shape terrorist actions.

In a marked shift from previous policies, many advanced economies are creating labour market integration initiatives for refugees. This Brief argues that although this might seem a shortcut to a more progressive strategy, it risks undermining the integrity of refugee policy and repeating the...

We assess the fiscal-growth nexus with a large country panel, accounting for the usually encountered econometric pitfalls. Our results show that revenues have no significant impact on growth whereas expenditures have negative effects. The same is true for the OECD with the addition that...