Integrated conservation and development objectives are increasingly sought with protected area - sustainable tourism partnerships, and related certifications are promising to deliver integrated targets. However, in this article we show that European wide PAN Parks certification seems not to be...

Neoliberal governance strategies change relations between the environment, the state, market actors, and civil society throughout the globe. Such strategies include privatisation, rescaling governance in order to detour state-based decision structures, externalising negative costs, internalising...

Environmental problems are often complex and involve fundamental value contradictions. There is a need to explore whether a well-designed process can contribute to a legitimate decision ‘closure’ even in the presence of value conflicts. We examine why environmentalists did not accept a...