The decline in cash use and growing use of digital distribution for retail banking leads to a reduced need for bank … increase in exit risk after branch closures. Our results thus suggest that the disappearance of bank branches have far …

This paper identifies how bank branching benefited local economies during the Great Depression. Using archival data and … narrative evidence, I show how Bank of America's branch network in 1930s California created an internal capital market to … competing banking offices. The bank's presence caused smaller city property value contractions and stronger recoveries through …