To successfully compete with advanced market multinationals (AMNEs), emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) have to access higher innovation capabilities from their autonomously operating advanced economy subsidiaries. There are two competing schools of thought on how EMNE subsidiaries obtain...

In the past decades, the notion of differentiated subsidiary roles within multinational network corporations has inspired a considerable amount of research. Surprisingly, the question of whether headquarters and subsidiary managers perceive a certain subsidiary’s role in the same way has been...